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marți, 13 decembrie 2011

Dana-Farber Offers Healthy Holiday Recipes And Food Tips To Fight Cancer With Your Fork This Holiday Season

Main Category: Cancer / Oncology
Article Date: 13 Dec 2011 - 1:00 PST

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The holidays are in full swing and festive food is everywhere. Some are naughty, some are nice, and some may even help fight cancer.

"While these so-called holiday foods are delicious to eat, they can also have the added bonus of containing cancer-preventing nutrients," says Stephanie Meyers, MS, RD/LDN, a nutritionist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. Meyers and her colleagues have put together a list of foods and recipes that definitely belong on the "good" list this holiday season.

Go nuts

Dust off that family nutcracker. Recent research finds that walnuts may help to prevent kidney and colon cancers. In addition, the study suggests that walnuts are a rich source of antioxidants that may help protect cells from oxidative damage. Walnuts contain essential fatty acids, or the so-called "good fats," which are known to help reduce blood pressure and boost the immune system. So go nuts with this simple pesto recipe.

It's not just for pie

Pumpkin is a holiday staple for many families. It is also one of the tastiest ways to enhance the body's own natural cancer-fighting ability, notes Meyers. Pumpkins are packed with nutrients called carotenoids, which have been linked to the prevention of colon, prostate, breast, and lung cancer.

Although many people only eat pumpkin when it is made into a pie, it can also be enjoyed in a variety of other ways, including roasted pumpkin, pumpkin soup and these high-fiber pumpkin muffins.

It's the bright color that gives pumpkins their rich nutrients, so look for other orange vegetables, like sweet potatoes, carrots and butternut and acorn squash. All are also high in carotenoids.

"It is more beneficial to consume carotenoids from whole foods rather than from supplements, because carotenoids in pill form do not appear to have the same protective properties," explains Meyers. In fact, that is true of many of the nutrients in foods. Eating whole foods typically provides greater health benefits than taking a dietary supplement.

An apple a day

Apples are another food packed with cancer-preventing properties, thanks to the nutrient quercitin, which protects DNA in the body's cells from damage that could lead to the development of cancer. Recent research suggests the carbohydrates in apples may help prevent colorectal cancer development as well. To get the most protection against cancer from apples,eat them with the skin on and not combined with sugar and fats, like in a pie.

Not just for the holidays

Meyers reminds her patients at Dana-Farber that cranberries aren't just for the holidays and encourages them to eat the berries year-round. Cranberries contain benzoic acid, which has been shown to inhibit the growth of lung cancer, colon cancer, and some forms of leukemia.

She recommends buying bags of fresh cranberries now, while they are in season and at their nutritional peak, and popping them in the freezer for later use. This will help ensure that the berries will provide the highest level of cancer protection whenever they're used.

Positively pomegranate

Pomegranates are everywhere, from drinks to desserts, and there is good reason why. Recent research suggests that drinking pomegranate juice may be a delicious way to help prevent prostate cancer, as well as prevent the metastasis and spread of prostate cancer cells.

Try combining pomegranates and apples for a delicious, good-for-you dessert that is layered with flavonoids, vitamin C, and other antioxidants that can help lower the risk of cancer.

Color your world

The overall key to finding cancer-fighting foods is to look for a lot of color. In the winter, root vegetables like carrots, parsnips and beets can add a burst of color and taste. The brighter and richer the pigment, the higher the level of nutrients. "You want to load up your plate with as much colorful plant-based foods as you can," explains Meyers. "Eating a plant-based diet is the best way to help lower your risk of cancer all year long."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Source: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Visit our cancer / oncology section for the latest news on this subject. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. "Dana-Farber Offers Healthy Holiday Recipes And Food Tips To Fight Cancer With Your Fork This Holiday Season." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 13 Dec. 2011. Web.
13 Dec. 2011. APA

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duminică, 11 decembrie 2011

Hemophilia B - Single Gene Therapy Treatment Offers Significant Improvement

Editor's Choice
Academic Journal
Main Category: Blood / Hematology
Article Date: 10 Dec 2011 - 12:00 PST

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Patients with hemophilia B experienced considerable improvements and fewer injections with clotting factor to reduce bleeding after receiving just one treatment with gene therapy, researchers from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA, and University College London (UCL), England, reported in NEJM (New England Journal of Medicine).

The small Phase I study, involving just six patients, is still proof that gene therapy is a promising treatment for the disabling and potentially dangerous consequences of painful bleeding episodes experienced by patients with hemophilia B - an inherited blood disorder.

The authors say their study will be presented in San Diego, USA, on 11th December, 2011, at the 53rd annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology.

Four out of the six participants who received gene therapy no longer require further protein injections to prevent episodes of bleeding - none of those four have suffered bouts of spontaneous bleeding either. Some of them have gone on to take part in marathon running events and other activities which would have been extremely hard to do without the gene therapy.

All the patients were treated under the care of Prof. Edward Tuddenham at the Royal Free Hospital, London. Co-author Tuddenham is a pioneer in the field of blood coagulation.

First author Dr Amit Nathwani, said:

"This is a potentially life-changing treatment for patients with this disease and an important milestone for the field of gene therapy. It could have ramifications for the treatment of haemophilia A, other protein and liver disorders and chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis."
Hemophilia B (British spelling: haemophilia B) is a blood clotting disorder, as are all types of hemophilia. In this case it is caused by a mutation in the gene that makes Factor IX, an essential protein in the blood clotting process. It is the second most common form of hemophilia, after hemophilia A.

Hemophilia B is sometimes called Christmas disease, after Sephen Christmas, the first patient to be described with the condition. The disorder was also first published in the Christmas edition of the BMJ (British Medical Journal).

Nearly all patients with hemophilia B are male, because the mutated gene is carried on the X chromosome. The authors explain that it is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 1 in every 30,000 people.

Previous attempts at reducing the symptoms of hemophilia B by placing a correct copy of the gene have never been successful.

Prof. Tuddenham, Dr. Nathwani and team used AAV (adeno-associated virus) 8 to deliver the correct Factor IX gene, plus other genetic material into the liver of the patient. As the rate of natural infection with AAV8 is very low, it was picked up. AAV8 is part of a virus family that targets cells in the liver without causing illness in humans; neither does the virus integrate into human DNA.

No immunosuppressant medications were administered to the participants before the gene therapy was given; an approach pioneered jointly by scientists from St. Jude and UCL.

A one-off infusion of the vector was administered into the vein in the arm of each patient. Two patients each received gradually rising doses of the vector. Afterwards, levels of Factor IX were elevated in all participants - from between 2% and 12% compared to less than 1% before the gene therapy began.

There was a correlation between dosages of the experimental vector and Factor IX levels - two volunteers, who were given the highest dosages, had the highest Factor IX levels. Their levels rose to up to 12%. The authors explained that any gain above 1% of normal levels can significantly improve patients' quality of life and reduce the number and severity of bleeding episodes.

trialparticipant
Trial participant Sebastian Misztal (Source: UCLH/UCL NIHR Biomedical Research Centre)

Senior author, Dr Andrew Davidoff, said:

"The first patient has been followed for the longest time, and his levels have remained at 2% for more than 18 months. These results are highly encouraging and support continued research. More patients are scheduled to be enrolled in future trials scheduled to begin later this year."

The participant with the higher dosage had to undergo short-term steroid treatment, which was effective. His liver enzyme levels had risen slightly - a sign of mild liver damage - after receiving the vector infusion. His levels of Factor IX remain above what they were before gene therapy was applied, and his liver enzyme levels are back to normal. The other participant, who received the second highest dosage, also had slightly higher liver enzyme levels, but they did not rise beyond the normal range - he was also given a short course of steroids.

The authors say the rise in enzyme levels was most likely caused by an immune response. Immune responses were reported in previous gene therapy studies when a different vector was used.

Written by Christian Nordqvist
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

Visit our blood / hematology section for the latest news on this subject. Article - "Adenovirus-Associated Virus Vector–Mediated Gene Transfer in Hemophilia B"
Amit C. Nathwani, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Edward G.D. Tuddenham, M.B., B.S., M.D., Savita Rangarajan, M.B., B.S., Cecilia Rosales, Ph.D., Jenny McIntosh, Ph.D., David C. Linch, M.B., B.Chir., Pratima Chowdary, M.B., B.S., Anne Riddell, B.Sc., Arnulfo Jaquilmac Pie, B.S.N., Chris Harrington, B.S.N., James O'Beirne, M.B., B.S., M.D., Keith Smith, M.Sc., John Pasi, M.D., Bertil Glader, M.D., Ph.D., Pradip Rustagi, M.D., Catherine Y.C. Ng, M.S., Mark A. Kay, M.D., Ph.D., Junfang Zhou, M.D., Yunyu Spence, Ph.D., Christopher L. Morton, B.S., James Allay, Ph.D., John Coleman, M.S., Susan Sleep, Ph.D., John M. Cunningham, M.D., Deokumar Srivastava, Ph.D., Etiena Basner-Tschakarjan, M.D., Federico Mingozzi, Ph.D., Katherine A. High, M.D., John T. Gray, Ph.D., Ulrike M. Reiss, M.D., Arthur W. Nienhuis, M.D., and Andrew M. Davidoff, M.D.
NEJM December 10, 2011 (10.1056/NEJMoa1108046)

Editorial - "Merry Christmas for Patients with Hemophilia B"
Katherine P. Ponder, M.D.
NEJM December 10th, 2011. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1111138

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vineri, 9 decembrie 2011

Animal Study Offers Insights Into Possible Drug Targets To Improve Memory As We Age

Main Category: Neurology / Neuroscience
Also Included In: Seniors / Aging;  Alzheimer's / Dementia
Article Date: 09 Dec 2011 - 2:00 PST

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Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study in The Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.

Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.

In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, PhD, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity - and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals.

"These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.

The researchers also found that treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a different drug that activates a BDNF receptor also reversed the synaptic plasticity deficit in the older rats. Because histone acetylation is important in many functions throughout the body, these findings offer a potential pathway to treat aging-related synaptic plasticity deficits without interfering with histone acetylation.

"It appears that lifelong shifts in gene regulation steadily deprive the brain of a key growth factor and cause a collapse of the 'machinery' supporting memory, cognition, and the viability of neurons," said Gary Lynch, PhD, a synaptic plasticity expert at the University of California, Irvine. "The very good news suggested by this study is that it may be possible to reverse these effects."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our neurology / neuroscience section for the latest news on this subject. The research was supported by the National Institute on Aging and UCLA Older Americans Independence Center.
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