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duminică, 5 august 2012

Iced Tea May Cause Kidney Stones

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Editor's Choice
Main Category: Urology / Nephrology
Article Date: 04 Aug 2012 - 0:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Iced Tea May Cause Kidney Stones
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Summer is high season for drinking iced tea. However, a John Miller, Loyla University Medical Center urologist warns that iced tea can contribute to painful kidney stones because of its high concentration of oxalate, one of the key chemicals that lead to the formation of kidney stones.

Around 10% of people in the U.S. suffer from kidney stones, a common disorder of the urinary tract.

Dr. John Milner, assistant professor at the Department of Urology at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine explains: "For people who have a tendency to form the most common type of kidney stones, iced tea is one of the worst things to drink."

Drinking an insufficient amount of fluids is the most common cause of kidney stones, and during the summer, when people can become dehydrated from sweating, the combined effect of dehydration together with drinking a lot of iced tea can raise the chance of developing kidney stones, particular in those already at risk.

Milner said:

"People are told that in the summertime they should drink more fluids. A lot of people choose to drink more iced tea, because it is low in calories and tastes better than water. However, in terms of kidney stones, they might be doing themselves a disservice."

Even though hot tea also contains oxalate, Milner said that it is difficult to drink sufficient amounts to cause kidney stones and figures from the Tea Association of the USA reveal that around 85% of tea consumed in the United States is iced.

In comparison with women, men are four times more likely to develop kidney stones, and the risk rises dramatically for those aged 40 years or older. Women with low estrogen levels like postmenopausal women and those with their ovaries removed are also at a higher risk.

Kidney stones are small mineral and salt crystals that are typically deposited in the urine in the kidneys or ureters, the small tubes that transport the urine from the kidney to the bladder. Usually kidney stones are so small they are expelled in the urine without causing any harm. However, sometimes the stones grow large enough to get lodged in the ureters, causing pain and discomfort.

Milner recommends drinking water or real lemonade, not the powdered version to quench thirst and properly hydrate as the best option, saying: "Lemons are high in citrates, which inhibit the growth of kidney stones."

He also recommends that those who are at risk for kidney stones should reduce certain foods that contain high concentrations of oxalates, including spinach, chocolate, rhubarb and nuts and eat less salt and meat, drink several glasses of water a day and eat foods that provide adequate amounts of calcium as this reduces the amount of oxalate the body absorbs.

For those drinking iced tea, who already suffering from kidney stones, Milner advises to consult a specialist to see if the drink could be a contributing factor, as it fairly simple to check an overproduction of oxalates.

Milner advises: "Like many people, I enjoy drinking iced tea in the summer. But don't overdo it. As with so many things involving a healthy lifestyle, moderation is key."

Written by Petra Rattue
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

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n.p. "Iced Tea May Cause Kidney Stones." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 4 Aug. 2012. Web.
5 Aug. 2012. APA

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posted by Catia on 3 Aug 2012 at 4:18 pm

Where are the studies that directly link oxalate kidney stones to the amount of tea consumed? Also is fructose sweetened ice tea treated the same non sweetened tea? How high is the bioavailability of oxalate in tea. High oxalate content doesn't mean it is available.

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'Iced Tea May Cause Kidney Stones'

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luni, 12 decembrie 2011

Patients With Persistent Kidney Injuries Rarely See Specialists

Main Category: Urology / Nephrology
Also Included In: Primary Care / General Practice
Article Date: 12 Dec 2011 - 0:00 PST

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Most patients with an abrupt kidney injury that does not get better do not see a kidney specialist within a year, according to a study appearing in the Journal of the American Society Nephrology (JASN). The findings indicate that efforts are needed to identify and treat kidney injury patients who require subsequent care.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), an abrupt or rapid decline in kidney function, is an increasingly prevalent condition that can seriously affect individuals' health and survival. Sometimes AKI arises due to medical or surgical complications that deprive the kidneys of a normal blood flow for extended periods of time. That explains why AKI often arises in patients who are hospitalized.

Because the kidneys can often recover from AKI, most patients can resume a normal life after treatment; however, they often remain at increased risk of developing kidney disease in the future.

Edward Siew, MD, Michael Matheny, MD (Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Veterans Administration) and their colleagues wondered whether patients who experience AKI during hospitalization receive enough attention paid to their future risk of developing kidney problems.

From a US Department of Veterans Affairs database, the researchers identified 3,929 survivors of AKI who were hospitalized between January 2003 and December 2008 and who continued to have poor kidney function a month after their injury.

Among the major findings over a one-year surveillance period: 22% of patients died. Only 8.5% of patients were referred to a kidney specialist before dying, starting dialysis, or experiencing an improvement in kidney function. Patients' severity of AKI did not affect whether or not they were referred. "This study shows that only a minority of patients who do not recover their kidney function after an AKI event are seen by a kidney specialist, highlighting an important opportunity for a more integrated approach in maintaining the kidney health of these patients," said Dr. Matheny. "The findings also underscore the need for more research to help identify those patients who are at highest risk for persistent kidney problems and who might benefit from the input of a kidney specialist," he added.

Study co-authors include Josh Peterson, MD, Adriana Hung, Theodore Speroff, PhD (Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Veterans Administration and Vanderbilt University Medical Center); Svetlana Eden, and T. Alp Ikizler, MD (Vanderbilt University Medical Center).

Disclosures: The authors reported no financial disclosures.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our urology / nephrology section for the latest news on this subject. "Outpatient Nephrology Referral Rates after Acute Kidney Injury" online at http://jasn.asnjournals.org/ December 8, 2011, doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011030315.

The content of this article does not reflect the views or opinions of The American Society of Nephrology (ASN). Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the author(s). ASN does not offer medical advice. All content in ASN publications is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions, or adverse effects. This content should not be used during a medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Please consult your doctor or other qualified health care provider if you have any questions about a medical condition, or before taking any drug, changing your diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Do not ignore or delay obtaining professional medical advice because of information accessed through ASN. Call 911 or your doctor for all medical emergencies.

American Society of Nephrology

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12 Dec. 2011. APA

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vineri, 9 decembrie 2011

Patients With Persistent Kidney Injuries Rarely See Specialists

Main Category: Urology / Nephrology
Article Date: 09 Dec 2011 - 2:00 PST

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Most patients with an abrupt kidney injury that does not get better do not see a kidney specialist within a year, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society Nephrology (JASN). The findings indicate that efforts are needed to identify and treat kidney injury patients who require subsequent care.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), an abrupt or rapid decline in kidney function, is an increasingly prevalent condition that can seriously affect individuals' health and survival. Sometimes AKI arises due to medical or surgical complications that deprive the kidneys of a normal blood flow for extended periods of time. That explains why AKI often arises in patients who are hospitalized.

Because the kidneys can often recover from AKI, most patients can resume a normal life after treatment; however, they often remain at increased risk of developing kidney disease in the future.

Edward Siew, MD, Michael Matheny, MD (Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Veterans Administration) and their colleagues wondered whether patients who experience AKI during hospitalization receive enough attention paid to their future risk of developing kidney problems.

From a US Department of Veterans Affairs database, the researchers identified 3,929 survivors of AKI who were hospitalized between January 2003 and December 2008 and who continued to have poor kidney function a month after their injury.

Among the major findings over a one-year surveillance period:

22% of patients died.

Only 8.5% of patients were referred to a kidney specialist before dying, starting dialysis, or experiencing an improvement in kidney function.

Patients' severity of AKI did not affect whether or not they were referred.

"This study shows that only a minority of patients who do not recover their kidney function after an AKI event are seen by a kidney specialist, highlighting an important opportunity for a more integrated approach in maintaining the kidney health of these patients," said Dr. Matheny. "The findings also underscore the need for more research to help identify those patients who are at highest risk for persistent kidney problems and who might benefit from the input of a kidney specialist," he added. Study co-authors include Josh Peterson, MD, Adriana Hung, Theodore Speroff, PhD (Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Veterans Administration and Vanderbilt University Medical Center); Svetlana Eden, and T. Alp Ikizler, MD (Vanderbilt University Medical Center).

Disclosures: The authors reported no financial disclosures.

The content of this article does not reflect the views or opinions of The American Society of Nephrology (ASN). Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely with the author(s). ASN does not offer medical advice. All content in ASN publications is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions, or adverse effects. This content should not be used during a medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Please consult your doctor or other qualified health care provider if you have any questions about a medical condition, or before taking any drug, changing your diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. Do not ignore or delay obtaining professional medical advice because of information accessed through ASN. Call 911 or your doctor for all medical emergencies.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Source: American Society of Nephrology
Visit our urology / nephrology section for the latest news on this subject. American Society of Nephrology Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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9 Dec. 2011. APA

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Kidney Injury, A Serious Risk To The Health And Survival Of Today's Soldiers

Main Category: Urology / Nephrology
Article Date: 09 Dec 2011 - 2:00 PST

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Acute kidney injury (AKI), an abrupt or rapid decline in kidney function, is a serious and increasingly prevalent condition. Little information has been available about how common or how severe AKI is in military personnel who are injured during combat in Iraq and Afghanistan. A new study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Clinical Journal of the American Society Nephrology (CJASN) investigates this question in those burned during combat.

Captain Ian Stewart, MD, USAF (San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston) and his colleagues examined military casualties who were evacuated from Iraq and Afghanistan to burn units. When they used two different classification systems for AKI, the researchers found that AKI prevalence rates were 23.8% (according to one system) and 29.9% (according to the other) among 692 evacuated casualties. Patients with AKI were much more likely to die than patients without AKI: the death rates among patients with moderate and severe AKI were 21.4% to 33.3% and 62.5%to 65.1%, respectively, compared with 0.2% among patients without AKI.

The majority of patients (57.6%) were diagnosed with AKI when they were admitted to the hospital, implying that factors related to combat may be responsible. Conversely, for patients who developed AKI after the first week (17.6%), complications from their hospitalization were likely the cause. Patients in the intermediate time range (24.8%) probably had some combination of factors.

"Our research shows that if a wounded warrior develops kidney damage, he or she is at an increased risk of dying," said Dr. Stewart. "By preventing or modifying kidney injury, we may be able to improve survival in military personnel with burns and/or other traumatic injury," he added. Additional studies are needed to test whether intervening to reduce AKI will save lives.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Source: American Society of Nephrology
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9 Dec. 2011. APA

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joi, 8 decembrie 2011

In Polycystic Kidney Disease Model, Vasodilator Hormone Improved Kidney Function & Blood Flow

Main Category: Urology / Nephrology
Also Included In: Genetics;  Endocrinology
Article Date: 08 Dec 2011 - 0:00 PST

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After a four-week course of the vasodilator hormone relaxin, kidney function and blood flow immediately improved in lab rats genetically altered to model polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a life-threatening genetic disorder, according to research presented at the American Society for Cell Biology Annual Meeting in Denver.

In addition to widening the blood vessels, relaxin lowered the collagen scores of the PKD rats, indicating that the drug had slowed scar formation or helped dissolve the old fibroid tissue that characterizes the kidneys of animals and humans with the disease, according to Heather Ward, Ph.D., and Angela Wandinger-Ness, Ph.D., of the University of New Mexico and collaborators.

PKD is a life-threatening genetic disorder that affects 600,000 Americans, according to the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). About 50% of individuals diagnosed with PKD develop end-stage renal disease by age 60.

The researchers also noted that in rats, relaxin reduced the size of the large fluid-filled cysts that gradually encroach on kidney function in human PKD patients.

PKD was the first disease to be recognized as a ciliopathy, a disorder characterized by defects in primary cilia, tiny hair-like structures that protrude from virtually every cell in the human body.

In the search of effective treatments, most PKD researchers have concentrated on halting or reversing PKD's characteristic cyst formation.

Ward and her colleagues instead examined the non-cystic aspects of PKD progression, particularly the poor blood flow and extensive internal scarring called fibrosis that encroaches on the glomeruli, the vital clusters of looping blood vessels that filter wastes and excess water from the blood.

They decided to evaluate relaxin because the hormone is a powerful vasodilator. It was first identified in pregnant women but also occurs in men.

Prompted by the hormone's positive effects on the PKD animals, Ward and colleagues explored the differences in kidney gene expression between relaxin and control-treated rats. The results of the gene expression analysis suggested that relaxin, in part, affects genes associated with epithelial trafficking.

The researchers said that they hypothesize that relaxin's direct effect on signaling pathways of kidney fibroblasts and vascular cells improves the renal environment, indirectly affecting cystic epithelia and slowing cyst growth.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our urology / nephrology section for the latest news on this subject. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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American Society for Cell Biology. "In Polycystic Kidney Disease Model, Vasodilator Hormone Improved Kidney Function & Blood Flow." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 8 Dec. 2011. Web.
8 Dec. 2011. APA

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Kidney And Pancreas Transplant Available To HIV-Infected Patients At Mayo Clinic

Main Category: Transplants / Organ Donations
Also Included In: HIV / AIDS;  Urology / Nephrology
Article Date: 08 Dec 2011 - 1:00 PST

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Mayo Clinic in Florida is now offering kidney and pancreas transplants to HIV positive patients with advanced kidney disease and diabetes. Evidence is now solid that HIV-positive patients have the same favorable outcome in terms of patient and allograft survival as non-HIV positive organ transplant recipients, says Mary Prendergast, M.D., a kidney specialist whose focus is the care of patients who receive kidney and pancreas transplants.

"With the utilization of HAART therapy to control HIV disease, it is very clear that solid organ transplant is both feasible and successful," she says. "We are very excited to be able to offer this service, which will provide end-stage kidney disease patients an alternative to years of difficult dialysis treatment."

Concerns in the past relating to the necessity of utilizing anti-rejection medications to transplant already immunosuppressed HIV-positive patients have been overcome with solid evidence that there is no increase in either the incidence of opportunistic infection or an acceleration of HIV disease, Dr. Prendergast says, as demonstrated in a recent large multi-center U.S.-based study, published last November in The New England Journal of Medicine.

Mayo Clinic in Florida has offered liver transplant for HIV-positive patients for a number of years now Dr. Prendergast says, and currently performs approximately 110 kidney transplants each year, and 10 pancreatic transplants, either alone or in combination, for non-HIV patients. Criteria for transplantation in HIV positive patients include an undetectable viral load and CD4 count greater than 200 cells per cubic millimeter, she says. Patients will be eligible to receive both deceased and living donor transplant organs.

The need for organ transplants is widespread, Dr. Prendergast adds. Currently there are 96,000 patients on the kidney transplant and 1,300 waiting for a pancreas transplant wait lists, according to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Between one and three percent of those on dialysis are HIV positive.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
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Mayo Clinic. "Kidney And Pancreas Transplant Available To HIV-Infected Patients At Mayo Clinic." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 8 Dec. 2011. Web.
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